Abdolali Shokr
Abstract
In conditional propositions, it is said that these propositions are formed from the second combination of single elements. So, every conditional proposition is composed of at least two categorical propositions, which are considered as their components. According to the opinion of logicians, these components ...
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In conditional propositions, it is said that these propositions are formed from the second combination of single elements. So, every conditional proposition is composed of at least two categorical propositions, which are considered as their components. According to the opinion of logicians, these components lose the property of being a proposition and to be news after entering conditional letters on their heads; and for this reason, they are no longer truth and falsity; because these two descriptions are essentials accident of being news. But the accuracy in the components of conditional propositions shows that these components, when they are considered as part of conditional propositions, still have the characteristic of being news and being attributed to truth and falsity and with this criterion and the way of relationship between them, the truth and falsity of conditional propositions are determined. This article, with the approach of propositional analysis, comes to the conclusion that the components of conditional propositions, have the description of truth and falsity and that's why there are still news and propositions.
Comparative Studies in Logic
Abdolali Shokr
Abstract
It is a universal and partial of the issues discussed in philosophy and logic. Whereas, in order to avoid intermingle the issues of each science, their boundaries are Located through their subjects; The question arises why in both the sciences of logic and philosophy, both universal and partial are discussed? ...
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It is a universal and partial of the issues discussed in philosophy and logic. Whereas, in order to avoid intermingle the issues of each science, their boundaries are Located through their subjects; The question arises why in both the sciences of logic and philosophy, both universal and partial are discussed? The present article seeks to find the distinguishing feature of this discussion in this scientific field. By studying the historical course and using the analytical method, it is concluded that from the beginning of the formation of this discussion in Aristotle's system of thought, there is no significant difference between his metaphysics and logic. Muslim philosophers, including Ibn Sina, although at first acting in the method of Aristotle as a commentator, later considered some issues, such as the categories in which the Five Universals as an entry of categories, to be outside the scope of the science of logic. On the other hand, the discussion of the Five Universals is one of the inevitable issues in logic due to the need for it in the subject of notions and definitions. There are also differences of opinion among philosophers regarding the source of division of the five generalities, which indicates the intermingle of the issues in philosophy and logic. Some views, in distinguishing this discussion in the two mentioned areas, have proposed different considerations and modes, and some have relegated the ontological discussion of generalities to philosophy and the study of its rules to the field of logic.
Abdolali Shokr
Abstract
The induction is a kind of argument in logic, which, despite the degradation of its validity in comparison with the demonstrative proof, has considerable significance. One of the best method for motivating, learning, strengthening beliefs and also guidance to the general public, is the inductive method. ...
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The induction is a kind of argument in logic, which, despite the degradation of its validity in comparison with the demonstrative proof, has considerable significance. One of the best method for motivating, learning, strengthening beliefs and also guidance to the general public, is the inductive method. Although the Qur'an has used arguments in specific cases for guidance purposes in various ways, the inductive method has a lot of abundance. Other methods of reasoning, such as the rational argument, are less in the Qur'an compared to the induction. The reason for this claim is the God's recommendation to look at the fate of the past generations. In fact, one of the arguments of the Holy Quran in some verses is that if you act like the previous generations, you will have the same fate. It seems that one of the God's purpose is to warn his audiences and guide them. Due to the high volume and number of subjects in the Quran about inductive method, this essay deals only with the research of the terms "Siru" (look for) and "unzoru" (look) and their derivatives. The result of this research suggests that induction is more applied than other kinds of arguments and its effect is undeniable.
